Environmental Security Technology Certification Program Solicitation BAA-10-0003.

ESTCP is seeking innovative environmental and energy technology demonstrations as candidates for funding. This solicitation requests pre-proposals via calls for proposals to DoD organizations and federal (Non-DoD) organizations as well as a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) for private sector organizations. The submission deadline for pre-proposals is March 4, 2010. The Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) and Non-DoD Federal Call for Proposals requests pre-proposals in the following topics only: (1) protection and remediation of contaminated groundwater; (2) military munitions detection, discrimination, and remediation; (3) ecosystem service methodologies and tools for department of defense installations; and (4) energy efficiency and renewable energy for DoD installations. The DoD Call for Proposals requests pre-proposals related to (1) environmental restoration; (2) munitions management; (3) sustainable infrastructure; (4) weapons systems and platforms; and (5) energy. Descriptions of these topic areas are included in Appendix A of the DoD Instructions. The due date for all pre-proposals is March 4, 2010. Awardees under this BAA will be selected through a two-stage review process. The pre-proposal review step allows interested organizations to get initial Government feedback on their technologies without incurring the expense of a full proposal. Based upon the pre-proposal evaluation by the Government, each of the pre-proposal submitters will be notified as to whether the Government encourages or does not encourage the submission of a full proposal. Instructions for preparing a full proposal will be provided at the time of notification. A request for submission of a full proposal does not indicate a decision has been made to make an award for that work. There is no commitment by ESTCP to make any contract awards, nor to be responsible for any money expended by the offeror before contract award is made for a demonstration. Multiple awards may be made to address a particular topic area. It is expected that awards totaling approximately $20.0 million will result depending on availability of funds. PRE-PROPOSAL SUBMITTALS ARE DUE NO LATER THAN 4 MARCH 2010. Additional information at http://www.estcp.org/opportunities/index.cfm

U.S. EPA Funding Opportunity EPA-R10-PS-1004.

U.S. EPA Region 10 is soliciting applications under this announcement for focused scientific studies and technical investigations that will assist with developing, monitoring, evaluating, and guiding key implementation strategies of the Puget Sound Action Agenda toward attainment of priority environmental outcomes. Specific examples of eligible activities include the following work:
    •    Designing, piloting, and supporting watershed-wide pollutant loading and effects studies associated with surface water runoff or other sources of pollution.
    •    Identifying and evaluating key stressors affecting the pelagic food web with the potential to affect forage fish restoration.
    •    Assessing corrective actions to improve water quality in areas where shellfish bed closures or harvest area downgrades are occurring or are likely to occur.
    •    Integrating flood hazard management plans with information and approaches for identifying, evaluating, and incorporating environmental restoration opportunities.
    •    Improving general understanding of the impacts of stormwater runoff on aquatic resources and the effectiveness of different management practices.
    •    Identifying, evaluating, prioritizing, and helping to demonstrate source control actions for nutrient and toxic pollution.
The closing date for applications is March 2, 2010. Twelve awards are expected with an estimated total program funding of $4,500,000. Additional information is available through Grants.gov. http://www.grants.gov/search/search.do?mode=VIEW&oppId=51084

U.S. EPA Funding Opportunity EPA-ORD-10-GED31588.

Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen is the greatest pollutant source to the watershed and bay and is the focus of a currently active super deposition TMDL assessment study site within the city of Tampa. Research should specifically address the ability of the applicant to quantify the loading of atmospheric nitrogen from transportation sources associated with the Tampa Bay watershed or similar urbanized watershed and be able to assess the potential for roadside vegetation buffers to attenuate those loads. Universities are conducting research and using models such as UFORE or I-TREE in urban transition areas to model the ability of plants to provide ecological services and benefits such as nitrogen removal, particulate removal, etc. Proposed work should address research currently being conducted and the availability of existing data sets and information to provide more robust estimates of services in urban transition and transportation zones. One award is anticipated with total program funding of approximately $155,000. The closing date for applications is March 17, 2010. Please refer to the full announcement linked at Grants.gov for additional information on submission methods and due dates. More information at http://www.grants.gov/search/search.do?mode=VIEW&oppId=51391

NanoAssociation for Natural Resources and Energy Security News Release, 14 Dec 2009

The NanoAssociation for Natural Resources and Energy Security (NANRES) is a trade organization designed to advance the research, development, and commercialization of innovative energy and environmental-specific nanotechnologies. Slated to be a trillion dollar industry by 2015, nanotechnology will continue to influence a broad spectrum of industry sectors with new and innovative science-based technologies. While nanotechnology applications will affect many different fields in the long term, the energy sector stands to benefit the most in the early stages. Industry-specific applications now underway range from energy capture and stored to mitigation of the effects of climate change and the strengthening of U.S. defense agility. The formation of NANRES comes at a time when energy and environmental sectors look to technological innovation to address their pressing needs. The newly formed Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy program, the infusion of federal funding under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, and the proposed American Clean Energy and Security Act indicate a critical demand for energy- and environmental-specific technologies. NANRES will address the key needs of energy security through focused research, development, and commercialization of nanotechnologies that will bring alternative innovative energy solutions to the domestic marketplace, while also working more specifically to address U.S. military alternative energy needs. It also will focus on accelerating environmental nanotechnologies that will strengthen the nation's resource security by enhancing its access to clean, viable, and domestically available natural resources, at the same time supporting nanotechnologies that will address environmental, health, and safety measures. During this formative stage, NANRES will foster key partnerships with academic, research, corporate, and scientific institutions. For more information on NANRES, visit http://www.nanres.org/

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory News Release, 12 Nov 2009

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has licensed a carbon nanotube technology exclusively to Porifera, Inc., of Hayward, California. The technology can be used to desalinate water and can be applied to other liquid-based separations. The license was awarded through LLNL's Industrial Partnership Office. Carbon nanotubes—special molecules made of carbon atoms in a unique arrangement—allow liquids and gases to flow through rapidly, while the tiny pore size can block larger molecules, offering a cheaper way to remove salt from water. Olgica Bakajin, who serves as chief technology officer of Porifera, formerly worked at LLNL and then moved on to become chief scientist on the carbon nanotube project along with LLNL chemist Aleksandr Noy. Porifera is developing membranes with superior permeability, durability, and selectivity for water purification and other applications in the clean technology sector, which includes CO₂ sequestration. The nanotube technology first took off when it was funded by LLNL's Directed Research and Development Program and supported by the Science and Technology Principal Directorate. Bakajin and Noy's research originally focused on using carbon nanotubes as a less expensive solution to desalination. The technique was first demonstrated using a nanotube membrane on a silicon chip the size of a quarter. The researchers recently have thought about different applications for the nanotube membranes. For example, the membranes could separate CO₂ from nitrogen in power plant emissions. The membranes would transfer the two gases at a different rate so that the CO₂ could be separated and sequestered. Recently, the Laboratory, Porifera, and the University of California at Berkeley received more than $1 million from DOEs Advanced Research Projects Agency to develop the carbon capture technique. In conjunction with other partners, Porifera also secured $3.3 million from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to develop a small, portable, self-cleaning desalination system that could be used in the field. The goal is a technology that can remove contaminants from any water source. Porifera was founded in 2008 with the sole goal of commercializing carbon nanotube membrane technology. The R&D team includes the technology's original inventors.

U.S. EPA Region 9 Fact Sheet, 12 pp, Dec 2009

     This fact sheet presents an update on the overall status of four San Fernando Valley Superfund sites and announces selection of a second interim remedy for the North Hollywood Operable Unit (NHOU). The Second Interim Remedy adds treatment systems to remove hexavalent chromium and 1,4-dioxane, which the existing NHOU VOCs treatment system is not designed to handle. Wellhead treatment for 1,4-dioxane and chromium will occur at well NHE-2. The treatment technology for 1,4 dioxane is a UV light and hydrogen peroxide advanced oxidation process. The chromium will require ex situ treatment at well NHE-2. In the focused feasibility study, ferrous iron reduction with microfiltration was identified as the preferred technology for a wellhead treatment system (and used for the costing). Alternatively, an anion-exchange-based treatment process could be installed if pilot test results expected from the groundwater operable unit in 2010 demonstrate that the process is effective and does not produce other problematic compounds.
     Ferrous iron reduction decreases total chromium concentrations by chemically reducing hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium and co-precipitating the trivalent chromium with ferric iron. The ferric iron and trivalent chromium co-precipitate is flocculated and removed using a conventional clarifier and media filter polishing or a microfilter. The key components of a ferrous iron reduction and filtration system include a series of reactors for ferrous iron reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium. A microfilter system coupled with a backwash system then removes the ferric iron and trivalent chromium precipitate (solids). A batch-thickening and dewatering system receives the resulting solids sludge. The residual sludge is expected to be disposed of at an approved off-site facility, either a RCRA or reclamation facility.
     Anion exchange decreases total chromium concentrations by exchanging hexavalent chromium oxy-anions for chloride anions using a bed of selective ion-exchange resins. The ion-exchange resin is regenerated off site by a vendor service. The major components of an anion-exchange system for the NHOU plant would be three ion-exchange adsorber vessels and a backwash system. The backwash system removes broken resin beads and trace suspended solids, and it recovers backwash water. Disposal of backwash solids as a wet sludge is assumed. Similar to the ferrous-iron reduction system for chromium treatment, an anion-exchange system could be scaled up or down in capacity to accommodate a changing number of extraction wells or concentrations requiring treatment.
     Additionally in the San Fernando Valley, the City of Glendale has nearly completed construction of two chromium treatment demonstration projects that will test the above-mentioned treatment technologies to remove hexavalent chromium from the drinking water. Fact sheet at http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/sfund/r9sfdocw.nsf/3dc283e6c5d6056f8825742600
7417a2/9681a769360387b388257689006275b4!OpenDocument
The NHOU remedy is documented in greater detail in the Second Interim Record of Decision (September 30, 2009) at http://yosemite.epa.gov/r9/sfund/r9sfdocw.nsf/cadf7f8d48234c988825742600
73d787/691791d0838169028825764a005cc86b!OpenDocument

Hesemann, J.R. and M. Hildebrandt, Burns & McDonnell, St. Louis, MO.
Remediation Journal, Vol 19 No 2, p 37-48, 2009

At an active dry cleaner located in Topeka, Kansas, a relatively small area of residual contamination adjacent to the active facility building was identified as the source of a large, site-wide groundwater contamination plume with off-site receptors. The Kansas Department of Health and Environment, which currently manages the site remedial efforts, chose to pilot-test in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) with permanganate for the reduction of perchloroethene (PCE) soil concentrations within the source area. A treatability study was performed to determine permanganate soil oxidant demand and the required oxidant dosing for the site. The pilot-test approach consisted of injecting aqueous sodium permanganate using direct-push technology with a sealed borehole, and ~12,500 pounds of sodium permanganate was injected at a concentration of ~3% (by weight). Confirmation soil sampling conducted after the injection event indicated PCE reductions ranging from 79 to >99%. An additional 6,200 pounds of sodium permanganate was injected to address residual soil impacts remaining in the soil source zone. Confirmation soil sampling conducted after the treatment indicated a PCE reduction of >90% at the most heavily contaminated sample location and additional reductions in four of the six samples collected. Paper available at http://www.dataconservation.com/portal/page/portal/Internet/Content_Admi
n/Publications%20Repository/Others%20Link%20Repository/article-Remediati
on-Unsaturated-Zone-Treatment-Sodium-Pe.pdf

McClendon, W. (Burns and McDonnell, Kansas City, MO), M. Hildebrandt, J. Shimp, B. Bigelow, and J. Hesemann. In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation 2009: Proceedings of the 10th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, 5-8 May, Baltimore, Maryland. Battelle Press, ISBN: 9780981973012, 2009

An in situ pilot study was conducted in 2006 at a former drycleaning facility located at Fort Riley, Kansas, to determine if groundwater contamination identified during previous field investigations could be treated with in situ remedial technologies. An alluvial terrace dominates the topography across the pilot study area. The specific area of concern (AOC) addressed during the in situ pilot study was AOC-2, which contained groundwater contaminated with tetrachloroethene (PCE) located beneath the former building footprint in a buried bedrock erosional channel. PCE, trichloroethene, and cis-1,2-dichloroethene were detected at levels above the maximum contaminant levels in groundwater allowed by U.S. EPA. The suspected sources of contamination were broken and cracked sanitary sewer lines and manholes that had handled process wastewater during drycleaning operations. The pilot study objectives were to determine the feasibility of in situ treatment of groundwater contamination in the terrace aquifer using enhanced anaerobic bioremediation (EAB) to accelerate biodegradation of chlorinated compounds to levels below the cleanup criteria, and to serve as a final-stage remedial polishing agent to decrease the overall AOC-2 monitoring timeframe and cost. Enhanced bioremediation of the contaminants in the terrace aquifer was selected due to the relatively high levels of PCE daughter products in the downgradient alluvial wells as compared to the PCE-dominated terrace wells. CAP18™, a non-emulsified (or neat) vegetable oil product offered by DBI Products (now Carus Corporation) was selected for this study because it is a cost-effective, long-lasting substrate that is proven to facilitate the biodegradation of chlorinated compounds at concentrations similar to and greater than those found in the pilot study area. The size of the treatment area was approximately 75 ft by 230 ft. CAP18™ was applied through direct-push rods at 2- to 3-ft depth intervals at 73 locations spaced on 18-ft centers. Based on performance monitoring data collected from downgradient monitoring wells, very positive trends in key parameters such as VOC concentrations, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, and methane indicate that an enhanced reducing environment has been established and that EAB via the injection of CAP18™ can be used as a final-stage polishing amendment for the reduction of chlorinated solvents. Paper available at http://www.burnsmcd.com/portal/page/portal/Internet/Content_Admin/Public
ations%20Repository/Others%20Link%20Repository/TechPaper-EnhancedAnaerob
icBioremediation-Hesemann.pdf

Williams, T.S., A.S.C. Chen, L. Wang, and A.M. Paolucci, Battelle, Columbus, OH.
EPA 600-R-09-145, 72 pp, Dec 2009

The main objective of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of AdEdge Technologies' AD-33 media in removing arsenic to meet the arsenic maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 µg/L. The Wellman water system is supplied by five groundwater wells with a total flowrate of ~90 gpm. The newly constructed treatment building is located adjacent to the water tank and underground vault. The treatment system consisted of two carbon steel vessels in parallel configuration, each of 48-in diameter by 72-in height and each containing ~38 cubic ft of pelletized E33, iron-based adsorptive media marketed by AdEdge Technologies under the name of AD-33. The treatment system was designed for a maximum flowrate of 100 gpm and an empty bed contact time of approximately 5.7 minutes. Between August 10, 2006, and April 17, 2008, the system operated an average of 5.9 hours per day, treating ~14,744,962 gallons of water or 25,938 bed volumes based on the 76 cubic ft of media in both adsorption vessels. At the end of this demonstration study, total arsenic concentrations in the treated water were 6.8 and 2.3 µg/L from Vessels A and B, respectively, less than the target 10-µg/L MCL. The capital investment cost of $149,221 covered $103,897 for equipment, $25,310 for site engineering, and $20,014 for installation. Using the system's rated capacity of 100 gpm (or 144,000 gpd), the capital cost was $1,492 per gpm (or $1.04 gpd) of design capacity. Assuming that the system operated 24 hours a day, 7 days a week at the system design flowrate of 100 gpm to produce 52,560,000 gallons of water per year, the unit capital cost would be $0.27 per 1,000 gallons. Because the system actually operated an average of 5.9 hours per day at an average flowrate of ~91 gpm, the annual water production was ~11,758,000 gallons, and the actual unit capital cost was $1.20 per 1,000 gallons of water. Media replacement cost would represent the majority of the O&M cost and was estimated to be $30,010 to change out both vessels. http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r09145/600r09145.html

Condit, W.E., A.S.C. Chen, L. Wang, and A. Wang, Battelle, Columbus, OH.
EPA 600-R-09-144, 89, Dec 2009

In this demonstration project, the 250-gpm treatment system consisted of a Siemens' Type II AERALATER pretreatment unit and an APU-300 arsenic removal unit from AdEdge Technologies. Used for iron removal, the 11-ft by 26-ft carbon-steel AERALATER package unit comprised an aeration tower, a detention tank, and a 4-cell gravity filter in one stacked, circular configuration. The effluent from the gravity filter was polished with iron-based AD-33 media. The APU-300 system consisted of two skid-mounted 63-in by 86-in fiberglass vessels configured in parallel. Each vessel contained 64 cubic ft of pelletized AD-33 media supported by gravel underbedding. The treatment system began routine operation on February 2, 2006. Through the end of the performance evaluation study on February 28, 2007, the system treated ~20,441,000 gallons of water with an average run time of 4.7 hours per day. Soluble As(V) remained above 10 µg/L in the gravity filter effluent, thus requiring further treatment with the APU-300 unit. The arsenic concentration in the APU-300 system effluent was below 10 µg/L during the 1-year performance study. After system startup, arsenic concentration decreased from an average of 31.2 to 6.1 µg/L; however, arsenic concentrations in the distribution system generally were higher than those following the AD-33 adsorption vessels, likely due to desorption and resuspension of arsenic previously accumulated on distribution pipe surfaces. The capital investment for the system was $367,838: $273,873 for equipment, $16,520 for site engineering, and $77,445 for installation, shakedown, and startup. Using the system's rated capacity of 250 gpm or 360,000 gpd, the capital cost was $1,471 per gpm of design capacity ($1.02 per gpd). This calculation did not include the cost of the building to house the treatment system. The O&M cost consisted primarily of the media replacement cost, which was estimated by the vendor at $41,370 to change out the AD-33. http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r09144/600r09144.html

Chen, A.S.C., J.P. Lipps, S. McCall, and L. Wang, Battelle, Columbus, OH.
EPA 600-R-09-067, 83 pp, Aug 2009

The chief objective of the Susanville demonstration project was to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of an Aquatic Treatment Systems, Inc. (ATS) arsenic removal system in removing arsenic to meet the arsenic maximum contaminant level of 10 µg/L. The ATS system consisted of three Well-X-TROL pressure tanks, one 25-µm sediment filter, two oxidation columns of 10-in diameter and 54-in height, three adsorption columns of 10-in diameter and 54-in height, and one pressure tank/booster pump assembly before entering the distribution system. Constructed of sealed polyglass, the columns were loaded with 1.5 cubic ft each of either A/P Complex 2002 oxidizing media (activated alumina and sodium metaperiodate) or A/I Complex 2000 adsorptive media (activated alumina and a proprietary iron complex) for series operations. Based on the design flowrate of 12 gpm, the empty-bed contact time (EBCT) in each column was 0.9 min (or 2.8 min for three adsorption columns in series) and the hydraulic loading rate to each column was 22 gpm/sq ft. Because the actual flowrate through the system was slightly lower at 9.3 gpm (on average), the actual EBCT was slightly longer at 1.2 min and the actual hydraulic loading rate was slightly lower at 17.2 gpm/sq ft. Between September 7, 2005, and June 13, 2007, the treatment system operated for an average of 1.1 hr/day for a total of 442 hr, treating ~303,000 gal of water containing 25.1 to 35.4 µg/L of arsenic. The oxidizing media showed a significant adsorptive capacity for arsenic (i.e., 0.18 to 0.20 µg of As/mg of dry media), effectively reducing arsenic concentrations to <10 µg/L after processing 51,600 gal of water through the lead oxidation column. Complete arsenic breakthrough from the lead and lag oxidation columns occurred after processing 79,700 and 193,000 gal of water, respectively, which corresponds to 7,100 BV (1 BV = 11.22 gal) through the lead column and 8,600 BV (1 BV = 22.44 gal) through the lead and lag columns. The capital investment cost of $16,930 consisted of $8,640 for equipment, $3,400 for site engineering, and $4,890 for installation. Using the system's rated capacity of 12 gpm (or 17,280 gpd), the capital cost was $1,410/gpm (or $0.98/gpd). The unit capital cost was $0.25/1,000 gal, assuming the system operated continuously at 24 hr/day, 7 day/wk at 12 gpm. At the current usage rate of 180,520 gal/year, the unit capital cost increased to $8.90/1,000 gal. The O&M cost involved only incremental cost associated with the adsorption system, such as media replacement and disposal, electricity consumption, and labor. The cost to replace the lead and first lag adsorption columns was $2,310. Labor and travel would add approximately $1,660 to the total cost. http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r09067/600r09067.html

Chen, A.S.C., B.J. Yates, W.E. Condit, and L. Wang, Battelle, Columbus, OH.
EPA 600-R-09-113, 80 pp, Oct 2009

The main objective of the Three Forks project was to evaluate the effectiveness of Kinetico's FM-248-AS Arsenic Removal System using Macrolite® media in removing arsenic to meet the maximum contaminant level of 10 µg/L. The FM-248-AS treatment system consisted of two 63-in x 86-in fiber-reinforced plastic contact tanks and two 48-in x 72-in pressure filtration vessels, both configured in parallel. Each pressure filtration vessel was loaded with 25 cubic ft of Macrolite® media to which filtration rates up to 10.0 gpm/sq ft were applied. The system was installed and became operational on October 30, 2006. From November 27, 2006, to February 8, 2008, the system operated at an average flowrate of 206 gpm for 8.9 hr/day, producing 30,499,000 gal of water. This average flowrate corresponded to an average contact time of 6.2 min and an average filtration rate of 8.0 gpm/sq ft. Problems encountered during the performance evaluation study included programmable logic controller settings, arsenic and iron particulate breakthrough, and increased differential pressure across the media beds, which led to shorter useful run lengths and more frequent backwashing. The actions taken to address these problems are detailed in this report. The capital investment of $305,447 covered $168,142 for equipment, $53,435 for site engineering, and $83,870 for installation, shakedown, and startup. Using the system's rated capacity of 250 gpm (or 360,000 gpd), the capital cost was $1,222/gpm (or $0.85/gpd). This calculation does not include the cost of the building to house the treatment system. O&M cost was estimated at $0.18/1,000 gal for chemicals, electricity, and labor. http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r09113/600r09113.pdf

Chen, A.S.C., L. Wang, and W.E. Condit, Battelle, Columbus, OH.
EPA 600-R-09-066, 79 pp, Aug 2009

The objectives of this demonstration project were to evaluate the effectiveness of a Kinetico Macrolite® pressure filtration system in removing arsenic to meet the arsenic maximum contaminant level of 10 µg/L, as well as other aspects of system performance. The Macrolite® pressure filtration system removed arsenic via iron removal from source water. The system consisted of one 21-in x 62-in contact tank and two 21-in x 62-in pressure vessels, each containing 4.8 cubic ft of Macrolite® spherical, low-density ceramic filter media designed for high-flow filtration. The treatment process involved chlorine addition to oxidize As(III) to As(V) and Fe(II) to Fe(III), adsorption and/or coprecipitation of As(V) onto/with iron solids, filtration of As(V)-laden particles with the Macrolite® media, and softening (preexisting). The design flowrate was 45 gpm based on the well capacity, which yielded 1.8 min of contact time prior to filtration and 9.4 gpm/sq ft of hydraulic loading to the filters. From July 12, 2005, through September 3, 2006, the well operated for a total of 1,072 hr at 2.6 hr/day (on average). The treatment system processed ~2,500,200 gal of water with an average daily demand of 5,981 gal during the study period. Comparison of the distribution system water sampling results before and after system startup showed a decrease in arsenic, iron, and manganese levels at all three sampling locations. Total arsenic levels in the distribution system ranged from 3.1 to 23.3 µg/L, which mirrored (though slightly higher) the total arsenic levels in filter effluent. Neither lead nor copper concentrations were affected by system operation. The capital investment cost of $60,500 covered $19,790 for equipment, $20,580 for engineering, and $20,130 for installation. Using the system's rated capacity of 45 gpm (64,800 gpd), the capital cost was $1,344/gpm ($0.93/gpd). The O&M cost for the system covered only incremental cost associated with the chemical supply, electricity consumption, and labor. The O&M cost was estimated at $0.26/1,000 gal. http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r09066/600r09066.html

Wendling, L., G. Douglas, and S. Coleman.
Government of Western Australia, Department of Water, CSIRO, 115 pp, June 2009

This report details the physical, mineralogical, chemical, radiological, and toxicological properties of some mineral-based byproducts, principally from Western Australia, and provides information necessary to assess the potential suitability of each material for use in further trials. The materials examined include a heavy minerals processing residue (neutralized unused acid, or NUA), a byproduct of iron-ore processing (steelmaking byproduct), byproducts generated during Bayer process alumina production and their derivatives (red mud, red sand, and reduced red sand), lime- and calcium carbonate-based residues from metropolitan groundwater treatment plants, and a byproduct of coal-based energy production (fly ash). Other materials of interest that are available on a large scale and have potentially useful properties either by themselves or if blended with byproducts include laterite, calcined magnesia, and a carbonized wood product (granular activated carbon). Natural mineral amendments, such as mine overburden, carbonates, or carbonate derivatives (e.g. limestone, lime, dolomite), phyllosilicate (clay) minerals, zeolite minerals, and/or hydrotalcite minerals, also could be used in conjunction with low-cost industrial byproducts to ameliorate acidity and attenuate potentially toxic metals and excess nutrients in effluent waters. In a broader context, it is unlikely that a single low-cost industrial byproduct possesses all the physicochemical characteristics necessary for a range of applications in the treatment of water and soil. Combinations of two or more byproduct materials, however, might provide the properties necessary for successful amelioration of challenges posed by surface water and soil acidity and sorption of nutrients and potentially toxic metals. Further investigation is required to examine the effects of combining byproducts on the characteristics of each material, in addition to evaluating any potentially detrimental environmental effect of introducing these materials. In some cases, mixing byproducts could have a synergistic result, as in the mixture of materials with high calcium carbonate equivalent with highly degradable organic material, which results in a material capable of neutralizing subsoil acidity. Available at http://www.water.wa.gov.au/WF%20Technical%20Report%201%20June%202009_ame
nded.pdf?id=227

University of Tennessee News Release, 1 Oct 2009

A discovery by scientists at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory has shed new light on the effect of microbial activity on mercury contamination. Scientists have known that a specific enzyme, MerB, gives the bacteria the ability to convert methylmercury into a less toxic form of mercury that poses substantially less environmental risk, a trait that lets the bacteria survive in mercury-rich environments. Finding out how this enzyme works potentially presents a viable way to combat methylmercury. The UT Knoxville and ORNL researchers, working with colleagues from the University of Georgia and University of California in San Francisco, were able to determine the mechanism at the most detailed level of how the MerB enzyme breaks apart the dangerous methylmercury molecule. The scientists used high-performance computers to determine how the 3-D structure of the enzyme uses a sort of one-two-three punch to break apart a key link in the methylmercury between mercury and carbon atoms. Once that bond is broken, the resulting substance is on the way to becoming substantially less harmful to the environment. Knowing the exact layout of atoms within both the methylmercury and the MerB enzyme, the researchers found out how the enzyme creates an electric field that shifts around electrons in the methylmercury, priming the toxin for deconstruction. The research is a feat that would have been impossible only a year ago. By using increasingly powerful tools, scientists are able to see much more clearly how chemical reactions interact. The next challenge researchers face will be to find a way to take this new understanding of how methylmercury can be broken down and apply it in an ecosystem at large. At least in concept, using these types of bacteria or hijacking the chemical principles they use may provide a way to combat the buildup of methylmercury. Jerry Parks, an ORNL staff scientist, has co-authored a description of this study with Jeremy Smith, a UT-ORNL Governor's Chair and lead author. "Mechanism of Hg-C protonolysis in the organomercurial lyase MerB" was published online in a recent issue of the Journal of the American Chemical Society. The paper's abstract can be viewed at http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ja9016123

Georgia Tech Research News, 31 Aug 2009

Researchers have completed the first thorough, system-level assessment of the diversity of an environmentally important family of microbes known as Shewanella. Microbes belonging to that genus frequently participate in bioremediation by confining and cleaning up contaminated areas in the environment. The team of researchers from Georgia Institute of Technology, Michigan State University, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory analyzed the gene sequences, proteins expressed, and physiology of 10 strains of Shewanella. They believe the study results will help researchers choose the best Shewanella strain for bioremediation projects based on each site's environmental conditions and contaminants. The findings, which further advance the understanding of the enormous microbial biodiversity that exists on the planet, appear in the early online issue of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. This research was supported by DOE through the Shewanella Federation consortium and the Proteomics Application project. Similar to a human breathing in oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide, many Shewanella microbes have the ability to "inhale" certain metals and compounds and convert them to an altered state, which typically is much less toxic. This ability makes the microbe very important for the environment and bioremediation, but selecting the best strain for a particular project has been a challenge. Kostas Konstantinidis, an assistant professor in the Georgia Tech School of Civil and Environmental Engineering who also holds a joint appointment in the Georgia Tech School of Biology, led the research team in analyzing the data. The researchers turned to genomic and whole-cell proteomic data to compare the 10 Shewanella genomes sequenced at DOE's Joint Genome Institute. The researchers found that the genetic differences between strains frequently reflected environmental or ecological adaptation and specialization, which also had substantially altered the global metabolic and regulatory networks in some of the strains. The organisms in the study appeared to gain most of their new functions by acquiring groups of genes as mobile genetic islands, selecting islands carrying ecologically important genes, and losing ecologically unimportant genes. The most rapidly changing individual functions in the Shewanellae were related to "breathing" metals and sensing mechanisms, which represent the first line of adaptive response to different environmental conditions. Shewanella bacteria live in environments that range from deep subsurface sandstone to marine sediment and from freshwater to saltwater. All but one of the strains was able to reduce several metals and metalloids. That one exception had undertaken a unique evolution resulting in an inability to exploit strictly anaerobic habitats. The team currently is investigating communities of these Shewanella strains in their natural environments to advance understanding of the influence of the environment on the evolution of the bacterial genome and identify the key genes in the genome that respond to specific environmental stimuli or conditions, such as the presence of heavy metals. News release at http://gtresearchnews.gatech.edu/newsrelease/bioremediation-diversity.ht
m

Bannon, D.I., J.W. Drexler, G.M. Fent, S.W. Casteel, P.J. Hunter, W.J. Brattin, and M.A. Major.
Environmental Science & Technology, Vol 43 No 24, p 9071-9076, 2009

Small arms ranges are known to be contaminated with lead (Pb), but neither the full extent of metal contamination nor Pb oral bioavailability in these soils has been described. Soil samples from ranges with diverse geochemical backgrounds were sieved to <250 µm and analyzed for total metal content. The soils had consistently high levels of Pb and copper, ranging from 4,549 to 24,484 µg/g and 223 to 2,936 µg/g, respectively, while arsenic, antimony, nickel, and zinc concentrations were 100-fold lower. For Pb bioavailability measurements, two widely accepted methods were used: an in vivo juvenile swine relative bioavailability method measuring Pb absorption from ingested soils relative to equivalent Pb acetate concentrations and an in vitro bioaccessibility procedure that measured acid-extractable Pb as a percent of total Pb in the soil. For eight samples, the mean relative bioavailability and bioaccessibility of Pb for the eight soils was about 100%, showing good agreement between both methods. Risk assessment and/or remediation of small arms ranges therefore should assume high Pb bioavailability. Paper at http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA509936

Hartmann, J., E. Lesher, L. Figueroa, J. Ranville, K. Campbell, J. Davis, K. Williams, and P. Long. Abstracts: Joint Conference of 26th Annual American Society of Mining and Reclamation and 11th Billings Land Reclamation Symposium, May 30-June 5, 2009, Billings, MT. Poster presentation, p 102, 2009

The Integrated Field Challenge Site at Rifle, Colorado (RIFC) is home to a legacy of subsurface uranium contamination following mill operations. Research at RIFC has shown that acetate amendment (as an electron donor and carbon source) and the consequential growth of iron-reducing microbial communities can achieve bioreduction of uranium. As microbial communities metabolize the acetate, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) changes both concentration and composition. Subsurface OC affects the biogeochemistry of an aquifer through equilibrium metal complexation and microbially mediated electron transfer and metabolic reactions. Accordingly, an understanding of DOC composition and evolution over the course of bioremediation is useful in modeling the fate and transport of uranium. Groundwater from the RIFC was analyzed before, during, and after acetate biostimulation for total and operationally defined fractions of uranium and organic carbon. The defined fractions of OC in the dissolved phase can give insight into the microbial and chemical reactively of the organic carbon fractions. The DOC fractionation scheme involved XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins to isolate and measure hydrophobic, transphillic, and hydrophilic organic carbon. Fractionated DOC was further analyzed for specific UV absorbance. The unfractionated DOC was analyzed by HPLC for short change organic acids. Research findings have shown the enrichment of the transphillic organic carbon fraction in groundwater as a result of acetate stimulation. Additional data will be presented outlining the changes in uranium and OC composition from temporally and spatially varying Rifle groundwater. The evaluation of the composition of groundwater before and after biostimulation allows for a direct comparison of the extent of natural U(VI) bioreduction to acetate-stimulated bioreduction. This information will facilitate the design of a more effective bioremediation strategy for the RIFC, as well as the design of uranium bioremediation strategies for other sites with subsurface uranium contamination.

Chaparro, Orlando M., Master's thesis, Air Force Inst. of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. AFIT/GES/ENV/09-M01, 54 pp, Mar 2009

The rupture of a helium tank in 1960 at the McGuire Air Force Base, New Egypt, New Jersey, caused a fire to ignite a nearby nuclear-tipped Boeing Michigan Aeronautical Research Center (BOMARC) missile. During the fire, the weapons-grade plutonium (Pu-239, Pu-240, and Pu-241) ignited and was released into the surrounding area, due to both firefighting efforts, where high-pressure water was used to put out the fire, and smoke that deposited plutonium as oxidized particles in the surrounding area. This study investigates the heterogeneity of the distributed plutonium contamination in the McGuire Air Force Base BOMARC missile site soil based upon direct measurements of Am-241, a decay product of Pu-241. The heterogeneity of soil samples taken from the BOMARC missile site was quantified using a conjugate counting method with gamma spectroscopy analysis. Plutonium was shown to be heterogeneously distributed in the BOMARC missile site soil. The physical properties of the heterogeneously distributed plutonium contamination evaluated in this research likely consist of individual particles of plutonium metal alloys. The fate of these particles in the environment as they are exposed continuously to weathering and other physical factors is unknown. Thesis at http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA503616

Plata, Desiree L., Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 227 pp, June 2009

Driven by commercial promise, the carbon nanotube (CNT) industry is growing rapidly, yet little is known about the potential environmental impacts of these novel materials. In particular, no methods are available for detecting CNTs in environmental matrices (e.g., sediment), and thus there is no way to study their transport or gauge ecological exposure. Thermal methods were developed to quantify CNTs in coastal sediments down to 10 µg per sample, which is sufficient for CNTs in laboratory air but not for measuring contemporary levels of CNTs in the environment (which were estimated to be present at pg/g sediment levels using a dynamic mass balance model). In addition to the CNTs themselves, potential impacts of CNT production were assessed by monitoring emissions from a representative synthesis. An ethene-fed chemical vapor deposition process generated several compounds of environmental concern, including benzene, 1,3-butadiene, toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and methane (a greenhouse gas). By identifying critical CNT precursors (alkynes), these compounds were delivered without thermal pre-treatment and achieved rapid CNT growth. This approach reduced carbonaceous emissions by more than an order of magnitude, and lowered initial feedstock requirements and energetic demands by at least 20%, without sacrificing CNT yield. Dissertation at http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA504989

Maier, R., F.A. Solis-Dominguez, C.J.A. Rivera, T. Borillo-Hutter, S. White, and J. Chorover, Univ. of Arizona.
2009 Annual Meeting of the NIEHS Superfund Research Program: Emerging Issues, Emerging Progress, Columbia University, New York, NY, November 2-5, 2009. Poster abstract 73, 2009

Phytostabilization is being investigated for remediation of mine tailings sites in arid and semi-arid environments. The goal is to create a vegetative cap using native plants that will prevent wind and water erosion of the tailings, stabilize metal contaminants in the rooting zone, and avoid shoot uptake of metal contaminants. The Iron King Mine Humboldt Smelter Site was placed on the National Priorities List in September 2008. The researchers currently are investigating the phytostabilization potential for the tailings, which are acidic (pH 2.5 to 3.5) and contain high levels of metal(loid)s, mainly arsenic and lead (> 3000 mg/kg each), and a high level of salts (EC 6.5 to 9 ds/m). A randomized factorial greenhouse study was performed to determine the minimum compost amendment rate required to establish plants in the Iron King tailings. Representative native species of the Sonoran-Arizona desert ecosystem were evaluated, including trees (catclaw acacia and mesquite), shrubs (quailbush and mountain mahogany), and grasses (Arizona fescue, deer grass, and buffalo grass). Four rates of compost (w/w) were tested (0, 10, 15, and 20%), and plants were harvested after 60 to 75 days. Results show that no plants survived in the 0% compost treatment. Biomass production at 10% compost was statistically less than at 15 or 20% compost, and the plants were clearly stressed, showing signs of chlorosis and stunted growth. The dry biomass production was similar for the 15 and 20% compost treatments, and the plants in these treatments looked reasonably healthy. This presentation describes metal accumulation into plant shoot tissues and the influence of the plant species on pH, EC, and culturable bacteria in the tailings. The results will be incorporated into the EPA feasibility study for this Superfund site.

U.S. EPA, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH.
EPA 600-R-09-148, 28 pp, Nov 2009

Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is a treatment technology widely used to prevent migration and exposure of contaminants from contaminated media (i.e., soil, sludge, and sediment). Solidification refers to a process that binds a contaminated medium with a reagent, changing its physical properties. Stabilization refers to the process that involves a chemical reaction that reduces the leachability of a waste. S/S treatment and application is used primarily at hazardous waste sites. This review addresses important factors to consider in the selection of S/S treatment and discusses its implementation at seven sites. Each S/S case study has a brief project description that identifies binder materials used, the application process, a summary of the performance data, and regulatory status. Estimated treatment costs and maintenance activities are included when available. Estimated costs must be adjusted for inflation and current material price increases. This review is intended only to provide a brief summary of the S/S process and its potential applicability across multiple sites and conditions; it should not be used as the sole basis for determining this technology's applicability to a specific site. http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r09148/600r09148.html

U.S. EPA Region 5, EPA 905-R-09-032, 2 vols [600 pp], Nov 2009

The International Environmental Nanotechnology Conference held in Chicago in October 2008 was sponsored primarily by EPA's Office of Science Policy and the Region 5 Superfund Division. The 2008 conference followed two previous successful EPA environmental nanotechnology conferences, the first held in Washington, DC (October 2005) and the second in Chicago (September 2006). The scope of the 2008 conference was expanded to take on an international perspective, and plenary sessions included keynote addresses by international experts. Volume 1 of the proceedings covers environmental applications of nanotechnology for sensing and monitoring, remediation, and pollution control. Volume 2 covers implications of the release of nanomaterials into the environment with respect to fate and transport, toxicity, and risk assessment. These proceedings contain scientific papers based on the presentations provided during the conference and written by the presenting authors. This broad, sweeping treatise presents cutting-edge environmental nanotechnology research and development that will serve as a reference on the topic for years to come. The proceedings are posted under "Superfund and Technology Liaison Program Workshops" at http://www.epa.gov/osp/hstl/stlworkshops.htm

Davis, G.B., M.G. Trefry, and B.M. Patterson, CSIRO Land and Water.
Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Adelaide, Australia. Technical Report no. 9, ISBN: 978-1-921431-00-5, 32 pp, Mar 2009

This paper contains a critical comparison of the attributes of two primary models used in vapor intrusion studies: Turczynowicz and Robinson (2003, etc.) and variants, and Johnson and Ettinger (1991, etc.) and variants. This paper describes the processes underlying vapor behavior and compares the two models for their utility in modeling petroleum vapors in soil profiles and as they move from the subsurface into built structures. In addition, the authors consider the need for inclusion of biodegradation and finite lifetime sources in modeling approaches during the development of health-based screening levels (HSLs). Both the J&E and T&R models could be used for modeling vapor behaviors for development of HSLs in Australia. The model itself is simply a framework that incorporates the key physicochemical vapor transport processes. Parameter values that populate the model ensure it reflects Australian conditions. The J&E model has had widespread use and application, has been embodied in a U.S. EPA spreadsheet, has been assessed in parameter sensitivity studies by U.S. EPA and others, and has been compared to field data. It is readily available in different forms. In the original Johnson and Ettinger (1991) paper, an approximation for finite (transient) source conditions was provided. In contrast, the embodiments and applications of the T&R model currently are limited, and it does not appear to be easily accessible or available for use. For scenarios that are appropriate for the development of HSLs, biodegradation should be included in the modeling of petroleum hydrocarbon vapors. Further consideration should be given to how to incorporate oxygen-limited biodegradation into the J&E model for the purposes of HSL estimates. A program of development of HSL without biodegradation is proposed in parallel with further consideration of how best to incorporate oxygen-limited biodegradation. It also is recommended that further investigation and review be carried out that may assist with the definition of source lifetimes, which might allow finite sources to be incorporated in future HSL estimations. For now, it is recommended that a constant (infinite) source condition be adopted to develop the HSLs to ensure adequate conservatism in vapor model outputs and protection of human health. http://www.crccare.com/publications/technical_reports/index.html

Davis, G.B., B.M. Patterson, and M.G. Trefry, CSIRO Land and Water.
Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Adelaide, Australia. ISBN: 978-1-921431-09-8, Technical Report no. 12, 41 pp, Mar 2009

This report contains a review of the role of biodegradation in reducing petroleum hydrocarbon vapor intrusion into slab-on-ground buildings. Vapors emanate from subsurface spills and leaks of petroleum fuels, and they naturally attenuate or decrease in concentration as they move from the subsurface through the soil toward the ground surface and potentially into buildings. Potential exists for additional attenuation due to aerobic biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon vapors, with a consequent additional reduction in human health exposure. This report relates to the evaluation of long-term, chronic, low-level indoor air concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon chemical constituents. The report includes published information on the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon vapors; additional exposure reduction factors proposed by researchers and suggested by jurisdictions attributable to biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon vapors; data on petroleum hydrocarbon vapors and oxygen concentrations from four locales in Australia with an assessment of generalized trends; recommendations for reduction factors that might be applied when oxygen is present in the subsurface and aerobic biodegradation of petroleum vapors is occurring; and guidance on the application of reduction factors. The studies and modeling suggest that where oxygen was present, petroleum vapors degraded rapidly. Where oxygen was absent, little biodegradation was observed. Additional attenuation due to biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon vapors has been reported to vary from 1 (i.e., no change) to many orders of magnitude, depending on the depth to the source zone, the concentration resident in the source zone, and the potential for oxygen ingress. Australian and overseas data from studies in and beneath buildings show that significant biodegradation occurs, especially for buildings of modest size. Recommendations are made concerning the need for measurement and confirmation of the presence of oxygen in the subsurface; an exclusion/inclusion criterion related to depths to vapor sources; an exclusion/inclusion criterion related to the scale of the building foundations to which the recommendations apply; and the magnitude of the additional exposure reduction that might result from biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon vapors. http://www.crccare.com/publications/technical_reports/index.html

Davis, G.B., J. Wright, and B.M. Patterson.
Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Adelaide, Australia. Technical Report no. 13, ISBN: 978-1-921431-18-0, 88 pp, Aug 2009

Australia has no current guidance on the field assessment of volatile compounds for sites where vapors have the potential to migrate into buildings and pose risks to human health, although there are recommendations to provide national guidance. This report describes the processes underlying vapor behavior, reviews available guidance, suggests a framework for vapor assessment and screening, describes design issues for field assessment of vapors, compares investigation and sampling techniques, and summarizes observations on this work. Most experience and investigations have been carried out for petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvent vapors. Whilst the techniques and approaches may be valid for evaluating other volatile compounds, for some compounds (e.g., mercury, butadiene) experience is limited, and careful adoption of field approaches would be required. http://www.crccare.com/publications/technical_reports/index.html

U.S. EPA, OSWER Directive 9285.6-20, 4 pp, 9 Sep 2009

This memorandum supplements OSWER Directive 9285.6-08, Principles for Managing Contaminated Sediment Risks at Hazardous Waste Sites, issued February 12, 2002, by defining the level of CSTAG involvement in the National Remedy Review Board's (NRRB) review of proposed plans at large contaminated sediment sites. At least three months prior to the NRRB meeting, CSTAG will review the site documents and hold a separate meeting with the regional site team to help to identify and potentially resolve key technical issues. In addition, CSTAG will review all Record of Decision amendments that fundamentally change the scope or performance of the sediment portion of the remedy in cases where the sediment portion of the original remedy was at least $50 million. These two process changes will be implemented beginning in Fiscal Year 2010. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/health/conmedia/sediment/pdfs/CSTAG_NRRB_FI
NAL_9285-6-08.pdf

U.S. EPA, Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, Washington, DC.
OSWER Directive 9200.1-77D, Sediment Assessment and Monitoring Sheet (SAMS) #1, 14 pp, July 2008

Many factors can influence the measured concentrations of contaminants in biota tissues. The site manager and technical team need to be aware of these factors and consider them in developing a sampling plan to ensure that the data collected can be used to evaluate remedy effectiveness and to evaluate the protectiveness of the remedy during the five-year review process. This document provides technical guidance to U.S. EPA staff on developing monitoring plans for contaminated sediment sites. It also provides information to the public and to the regulated community on how EPA intends to exercise its discretion in implementing monitoring plans. This document does not impose legally binding requirements on EPA, states, or the regulated community, but suggests monitoring approaches that might be used at particular sites, as appropriate, given site-specific circumstances. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/health/conmedia/sediment/pdfs/fish_sams.pdf

U.S. EPA, Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, Washington, DC.
OSWER Directive 9200.1-96FS, Sediment Assessment and Monitoring Sheet (SAMS) #2, 36 pp, Nov 2009

This product is a primer for those not experienced in the development and use of models at sediment sites. It explains the typical objectives of modeling, how models are built, how they are used to predict the effectiveness of remedies, and how the uncertainty in model predictions can be addressed. The document is not intended to provide site-specific direction on the application or data requirements of specific models nor does it supersede the guidance on modeling provided in section 2.9 of EPA's 2005 Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites. The 2005 guidance describes how to determine whether mathematical modeling is needed and what level of modeling is most appropriate for a site, and discusses the need to verify, calibrate, validate, and peer-review models. This fact sheet only suggests modeling approaches that might be used at particular sites, as appropriate, given site-specific circumstances. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/health/conmedia/sediment/pdfs/Modeling_Prim
er.pdf

Nadeau, S.C., M.C. McCulloch, and T.S. Bridges.
Proceedings of the Fifth International Contaminated Sediment Conference, 2-5 February 2009, Jacksonville, Florida. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH, 2009

The complexity inherent in contaminated sediment sites requires that they undergo a detailed evaluation of site conditions and sediment management options to optimize the effectiveness of their potential remediation and risk reduction. Knowledge gained from experiences at numerous sediment sites over the last 20 years should be integrated into the decision-making process as recommended by EPA's Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites (2005). This paper reviews risk management principles for complex contaminated sediment sites and several of the key risk-based decision-making factors necessary for realistic evaluation of the potential risk reduction associated with each remedial option. Paper available at http://www.smwg.org/presentations/Battelle/Nadea%20et%20al.%20%202009%20
-%20Principles%20for%20Evaluating%20Remedial%20Options%20for%20Contamina
ted%20Sediment%20Sites.pdf
Additionally, the 30-slide presentation that accompanies this paper is available at http://www.smwg.org/presentations/Battelle/Principles_for_Evaluating_Rem
edial_Options_for_Contaminated_Sediment_Sites_-_Battelle_2009.pdf

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 118 pp, 2009

The Superfund Research and Training Program (SRP) held its 2009 national scientific meeting on "Emerging Issues, Emerging Progress" at Columbia University and the Marriott Marquis in New York City. Since 1987, the SRP has provided funding to researchers to conduct multidisciplinary studies to address the intractable issues plaguing the national Superfund program. This meeting is an acknowledgement and celebration of SRP accomplishments, as well as a forum to discuss future directions by identifying emerging technologies and their applications to understanding and mitigating the risks of hazardous waste sites. The over-arching theme of the 2009 conference highlights recent concerns in environmental health and how research can affect decisions related to risk, remediation, and public health through a better understanding of the links between exposure and basic biological disease mechanisms. The meeting comprised a variety of sessions, including SRP remediation research of importance to Superfund sites and toxic effects of Superfund chemicals, with a focus on arsenic and PCBs. The Book of Abstracts is available at http://srpcollaborations.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/srp_annual_meeting_
-_full_program.pdf
The presentations have been posted at http://tools.niehs.nih.gov/srp/events/index.cfm?id=325