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VOC Emission Source Strengths of Tankers During Refuelling Activities Determined by Spectroscopic Remote Sensing and Inverse Dispersion Modeling
Schaefer, K. (Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Atmosphaerische Umweltforschung); H. Hoffmann; I. Dormuth; C. Jahn; S.M. Emeis. Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere VI. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol 4539, p 247-257, 2002

The VOC emissions of tankers were investigated in a river harbor with fence-line monitoring by differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS). Benzene, toluene and p-xylene concentrations were measured by a mono-static DOAS using 3 retro-reflectors, and an inverse method was applied on the basis of these non-intrusive measurements of effluent concentrations in the exhaust plume and meteorological measurements to determine the emission source strengths. Emissions resulted from the unloading and loading of gasoline, from ventilation of storage tanks of tankers into ambient air, and from using the land-site gasoline vapor recovery unit in a tank farm for ventilation.


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